The Landlady by Roald Dahl Essay Example

The Landlady by Roald Dahl Paper The story of The Landlady by Roald Dahl begins with a male character called Billy Weaver. Billy Weaver is a young, aspiring lad. He is only seventeen and has come from London to Bath to find a new exciting life as a worker in the Head Office. He looks for a place to stay and Bath and someone recommends the ‘Bull and Gate’, a pub with a mysterious old landlady†¦ Billy Weaver dreams of being like the workers at the Head Office, with their swift and brisk movements and high success in life, he has even attempted being brisk any movements that he does! The landlady is a mysterious character; she comes across as an old helpless woman who seems like she wouldn’t mind some company. She also owns the Bull and Gate, and enjoys stuffing dead ‘pets’, as she claims, â€Å"I stuff all my little pets myself when they pass away†. Roald Dahl builds up the atmosphere of the story by setting the scene in a normal way but slowly increasing the tension level. Nearer to the beginning of the middle of the story, Roald releases some of Billy’s thoughts about what he thinks about the Bull and Gate, â€Å"Beer and Darts in the evenings and lot’s of people to talk to†. We will write a custom essay sample on The Landlady by Roald Dahl specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Landlady by Roald Dahl specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Landlady by Roald Dahl specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer By reading this quote we can see that Billy is social as he likes to meet and talk to new people and also have a round of friendly darts with someone. Roald makes the reader feel like Billy has been sort of, entrapped by a poster, â€Å"Each word was like a large black eye staring at him through the glass†, like it’s a supernatural force of some sort. The landlady also creates a lot of tension; she answers the door at once, â€Å"it must’ve been at once because he hadn’t even had time to take his finger off the doorbell! †, which is unusual as you normally leave about a minute before you answer a door. Also by explaining that she only had a few guests, that coincidently fitted Billy’s description, it shows that she is plotting something against him†¦ ‘The Landlady’ fits in the description of a short story almost perfectly! ‘The Landlady’ isn’t too complex and fits into a simple plot, in a short amount of space. The setting and main story and characters are introduced quite early on in the story so that readers aren’t left hanging and confused or even without a setting as the story doesn’t go on for all too long. It also has the compulsory beginning, middle and end and doesn’t have any prequels or sequels to it. I think that ‘The Landlady’ ties in with the links of a short story very well. I really enjoyed reading ‘The Landlady’ and also hoped for there to be a sequel so that we could find out about all of the gory bits of the story and where she placed Billy’s stuffed body! Although sequels do not tie in with the links of a short story so it wouldn’t have fit in properly. I really enjoyed the plot of the story and never would’ve guessed what the landlady would’ve done! Instead of ruining the surprise and telling you what this mysterious woman did, I’ll let you read The Landlady for yourselves. Enjoy!

6 Things Almost All Writers Get Wrong When Self-Editing

6 Things Almost All Writers Get Wrong When Self-Editing 6 Things Almost All Writers Get Wrong When Self-Editing Lisa Lepki is the Editor of the ProWritingAid blog. A word nerd, she loves the technical elements of writing almost as much as the writing itself. In this post, she reveals a few of the most common editing mistakes that authors make.As an editor, I see writers making the same mistakes over and over again.I’m not talking about narrative or character development here. I’m talking about the technical elements of your text, like sentence construction and word choice. Almost all editors are happy to help you with the meaty parts of your writing, like dialogue and structure, but they get frustrated if they see common rookie mistakes.Believe me, more than one publishing professional has chucked a manuscript in the recycling bin based solely on amateur mistakes like overuse of passive voice or over-reliance on adverbs.Here are six ways that I have seen writers go wrong:1. They try to edit as they writeThe creative part of your brain - that’s in charge of imagining your scenes, conceiving your characters and telling your story -   is very different to the part of your brain you use to edit. Going back and forth between the two of them will make you lose momentum - a key reason why many writers never finish their book.Don’t worry about analyzing every word as you go along. Don’t beat yourself up if you use a clichà © to get an idea across while you are in creative mode. It’s not even a problem if you â€Å"tell† rather than â€Å"show†, as long as you get your story out of your brain and onto the page. All of those issues are easy to fix when you go back and edit.So, for your first draft, just let the words flow. Give yourself the freedom to use the wrong words and have faith that you will be able to go back and find the right ones in due course. "6 Mistakes Authors Make When They Self-Edit" from Lisa Lepki of @ProWritingAid 2. They try to do everything at onceThere is a common problem among writers called â€Å"terrible second-half syndrome,† or TSHS. Okay, I just made that term up, but I promise it’s a thing - because I have done it myself.Somewhere in the depths of my hard drive, there is a manuscript I completed about twelve years ago. This was my first major piece of writing and I was delighted with it! Life got in the way and so I never really did anything with it, but I found it again last year. It had a serious case of TSHS. The first chapter was perfectly crafted, full of powerful imagery and compelling scenes. The second chapter was not quite as well-polished, and then it just went downhill from there. The last chapter didn’t even really make sense! Sound familiar?I see this a lot. Writers start their self-edit full of vigor. They painstakingly assess every word and every construction†¦ and then they begin to lose interest.I get it. Editing can be pretty frustrating ( i.e. boring) if you are more creatively inclined. So, instead of trying to get every element perfect on your first round, I recommend working on one issue at a time.For example, your first round might be Adverb Annihilation:We think the problem began when the company did not produce enough tubes for the experiment.These sentences both say the same thing, but the first one is full of clutter. Here are the problem areas:â€Å"It is our opinion that† is a much more convoluted way of saying, â€Å"We think†.  It is redundant to say that something â€Å"first began†. The word â€Å"began† already means â€Å"first†.You can replace â€Å"due to the fact that† with the much simpler â€Å"when†.â€Å"A sufficient amount of† is a cluttered way of saying â€Å"enough†.Tubes are always hollow, which means that the word â€Å"hollow† is redundant.The passive voice means â€Å"the company† is right at the end of the s entence, delaying its meaning and lessening clarity.We’re not suggesting that you dumb your writing down. We just want your ideas to come across as clearly as possible and if that means cutting back on prepositional phrases, so be it. If readers have to spend time (and brain power) trying to make sense of your language, then they may miss something critical.6. They don’t take time awayOnce you finish your first draft, you need to step away. It’s nearly impossible to evaluative your writing when it’s fresh. You know the idea that you meant to get across, and so you see it in your words... even if it isn’t there!The other benefit of moving into editing mode is that it gives your creative brain a break. Spending a couple weeks copy-editing will allow you to return to your story refreshed. You’ll be able to see those plot holes with fresh eyes.Want to learn more practical self-editing techniques? Take the time to explore a few in detail in the f ree 10-day Reedsy Learning course,  How to Self-Edit Your Manuscript like a Pro.Lisa is the co-author of The Novel-Writing Training Plan and 20 Editing Tips from Professional Writers. Her work can also be found on Writer’s Digest, bookbaby.com, The Write Life, and DIYAuthor.

Strategic Management & Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strategic Management & Change - Essay Example The paper tells that the business environment has presently turned very competitive and requires considerable expertise on the part of business organizations to ensure efficiency in business operations so as to ensure profitability and sustainability. Ensuring profitability and sustainability requires considerable efforts and activities that can help generate advantage for an organization. Proper planning and vision apart from proper management and utilisation of resources towards encasing on the opportunities of the organization is the key for a successful recipe in the business markets. All these aspects are largely incomplete without a proper leadership. The leadership aspect assumes significance considering the fact that it provides a direction to the entire organization. Without the presence of a leader an organization behaves like a rudderless ship that is inevitable to destruction. Real life examples are very well an indicative of the above assumption. There are numerous examp les in which visionary leaders have turned organizations into giants. Examples include Apple and Microsoft and a host of other organizations. The success of both these organizations has been largely accounted to the efficient and visionary leadership of Steve Jobs and Bill Gates respectively in the two organizations. Leadership and its role in shaping a business organization has been a subject of research in academic and professional circles. According to various researches the aspect of leadership is a subject matter of debate. One of the most accepted versions of the definition of leadership states that leadership defines a relationship that comes into effect between the leaders and organisers’ with the followers or subordinates who have the power to bring about changes with their outcomes affecting the shared beliefs and actions (Daft & Lane, 2007, p.4). There has also been a debate with regards to leadership in which the scholars have debated over the virtue of leadership being an in-born trait and the aspect being developed over time with advocates stating that leadership need not be an in born trait and can be developed by any individual upon exposure to proper conditions. An effective leader must not only have the ability to lead but should also have an ability to foresee a vision for the entire organization. An effective leader sets the direction for the organization. The leader is also entrusted with the responsibility of motivating and acting as a guiding agent for the company. It is essentially believed that the functioning of the leader actually defines the actions of the subordinates and in fact the entire organization. Therefore it is very essential that an organization has an effective and visionary leadership who can propel the company towards the path of success. The present study would try to analyse the role of leadership in shaping up an organization towards generating profitability and sustainability. The study would critically eval uate the role of leadership and the extent to which it helps in shaping up an organization towards generating profitability and sustainability in the market and helping generate a sustainable competitive edge in the turbulent business environment prevailing round the globe. Discussion The increased turbulence and uncertainties in the business environment call for the need to ensure effective management in an organization so as to ensure excellence in business. The role of a leader assumes utmost importance in this regard. A research report states that leaders have a crucial role in this regard as they are the ones who have to formulate contingency planning so as to ensure sufficient safeguards for the company in the time of crisis. The report also states that a leader’s ability to foresee the future is very critical and therefore shows the importance of leadership in the survival of the organization.

European Social Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

European Social Model - Essay Example Article 36 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights1 and Article 16 of the EC Treaty2 establish SGI amongst the common values of the Union as well as their role in fostering social and territorial cohesion. Implementation of SGIs also ensures that some fundamental human rights are upheld, such as, the right to health and care; the right to education; the right to housing; the right to work; the right to access water and electricity, etc. Personal social services are not only services of general interest but also an indispensable element of social protection systems. The European social model contributes substantially to the European Union's economic development and productivity. Social protection systems provide both a base for the creation of wealth, and a guarantee against social exclusion, poverty, insecurity and discrimination. These services differ from other SGI in that their quality depends on other requirements such as vulnerability and dependency of their users. The principles governing the single market have led to the growing dominance of the logic of the market, which should remain a means and not become an end and should thus effectively support the fundamental objectives of the European Union, which are "to promote economic and social progress", "to achieve balanced and sustainable development", to reinforce "social and economic cohesion"3. . . Two different legal regimes apply to SGI and to social protection systems. EU competition law covers services of general economic interest while social security systems fall outside the scope of EU competition law as stated in 29 of the European's Commission Communication on Services of General Interest in Europe / Com (2000) 580: In the second place,... This paper explores that the principles governing the single market have led to the growing dominance of the logic of the market, which should remain a means and not become an end and should thus effectively support the fundamental objectives of the European Union, which are "to promote economic and social progress", "to achieve balanced and sustainable development", to reinforce "social and economic cohesion" . Two different legal regimes apply to SGI and to social protection systems. As the report declares services such as national education and compulsory basic social security schemes are also excluded from the application of competition and internal market rules. With regard to the former, the European Court of Justice ruled that the State, in establishing and maintaining such a system, is not seeking to engage in gainful activity but is fulfilling its duty towards is own population in the social, cultural and educational fields. The European legal tools of governance have served to Europeanize services of general interest. The reconciliation of the European market orientated approach to liberalization and the national defence of public services had been brought about by the creation of a Community law concept of â€Å"universal service†. This has been achieved through the use of Article 86 EC and the soft law communications by the Commission. Governance by soft law queries the legitimacy of the exercise and the legal nature of soft law Communications.

European Business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

European Business - Research Paper Example A major reduction in demand in the largest market of EU, Germany, was the main reason for export reduction in countries like France, Italy and UK which are its main export partners for automobiles. The following figure shows that the proportion of companies exporting in the EU countries in 2006 had substantially declined over the 1997 period. The situation worsened post financial crisis of 2008 following which countries like Ireland, Greece and Turkey suffered deep economic downturn. The tourism industry also suffered immensely on account of the financial crisis of 2008. All the 27 members of the EU block suffered both resident and non-resident night spends decline since 2008 (Leviev-Sawyer 2010). With the exception of Sweden which saw a positive 0.1% increase in night spend, there was up to 23.3% reduction in member countries like Latvia (Leviev-Sawyer 2010). Another notable feature was that non-residents formed only 44% of nights spent in hotels and residents formed 56% of the nigh t occupancy in 2009 across all the EU member countries. This shows that the proportion of tourist movement across the member countries was much lower as compared to the internal tourist night spends. Thus, the present crisis had a major negative impact on cross border tourism industry within the member countries. ... ows the following pattern (Luff 2008): UK stands at the sixth position in the list of countries which had investments in Turkey between 2002 and 2007 (Luff 2008). If we look at the number of companies of British origin which have invested in Turkey, we can see a substantial rise since 2002. The following figure shows the pattern of investment (Luff 2008). All the major British companies like Tesco, Vodafone, HSBC, Shell, Imperial Tobacco and BP have their investments here. The following chart shows the top 5 FDI inflows into Turkey in 2006 (Luff 2008). The top 3 companies are from the EU member countries and have invested in telecom and banking sectors. This is mainly because of the opening up of these sectors by the Turkish government. Another industry which has substantial impact for the EU member countries is the outsourcing industry. Poland experienced the largest inflow of outsourcing business during the period 1995 to 2002 (Lorentowicz, Marin and Raubold 2005). Austria was the next in line. The following table shows the FDI patterns of Austria and Poland during the various periods. The pattern shows that Austria has substantially increased its investments in new member countries like Hungary, Poland, Croatia, Romania and Bulgaria while investments into UK have decreased over the previous decades. If we look at Poland’s inflows, we can see that France, Germany and Netherlands accounts for around 51% of the FDI (Lorentowicz, Marin and Raubold 2005). This shows that Poland is a favorite destination for these countries for outsourcing businesses mainly because of the availability of low cost and highly skilled work force. The major drivers of outsourcing business to these new member countries are low labor costs and cultural affinity of these countries to the

Water Security Concept And Factors Environmental Sciences Essay

Water Security Concept And Factors Environmental Sciences Essay Water security simply means availability of water and secure rights to use potable water for the present and future generations. Water security has been recognised as being important enough to be enshrined in UN Human Rights Resolutions and is now a cornerstone of the UNs Millennium Development Goals  [1]  . The concept of water security includes regional and global availability of water, environment issues, access issues and water stress. Water insecurity is all pervasive in the South Asian region, visible in conflicts and tensions erupting within and across countries. Therefore, the need to integrate water security as a key component of human security is crucial. Availability of Water. Water is widely distributed on Earth as freshwater and salt water. The bulk of the water on Earth is regarded as saline or salt water, which amounts to over 98% of the total water on Earth. The remainder of the Earths water constitutes the fresh water; this also happens to be very unevenly distributed. Nearly 70% of the fresh water is frozen in the icecaps of Antarctica and Greenland. Besides this, most of the remainder is present as soil moisture, or lies in deep underground aquifers as groundwater not accessible to human use. Only less than 0.1% of the worlds fresh water (~0.007% of all water on earth) is accessible for direct human uses  [2]  . This is the water found in lakes, rivers, reservoirs and those underground sources that are shallow enough to be tapped at an affordable cost. Water Consumption. The six billion people of Planet Earth use nearly 30% of the worlds total accessible renewal supply of water. By 2025, that value may reach 70%. Yet, at present billions of people lack basic water services and millions die each year from water-related diseases. Some believe that fresh water will be a critical limiting resource for many regions in the near future. About one-third of the worlds population lives in countries that are experiencing water stress. In Asia, where water has always been regarded as an abundant resource, per capita availability declined by 40-60% between 1955 and 1990. Projections suggest that most Asian countries will have severe water problems by the year 2025. Water Security. Water security is an elusive concept, but consensus is beginning to emerge in the world community as to its dimensions, its parameters, and the best approaches for its achievement. The Second World Water Forum Ministerial Declaration (2000), endorsed that water security implies the following:- Human access to safe and affordable water for health and well-being. Assurance of economic and political stability. Protection of human populations from the risks of water-related hazards. Equitable and cooperative sharing of water resources. Complete and fair valuation of the resource. Sustainability of ecosystems at all parts of the hydrologic cycle. Dimensions of Water Security The issue of water security has several dimensions such as competing uses, degradation of quality and scarcity. World Bank defines it as a combination of increased productivity and diminished destructivity of water. In the past, the competition for water has triggered social tensions and conflicts between water-use sectors and provinces as the domestic demands for water has forced governments to plan and invest in grand water projects such as the River-Linking Project by India and Three Gorges project by China. The water profile of the region with complex interdependencies implies that internal dynamics within a nation may now increasingly manifest itself in an inter-State dimension. Water is arguably one of humanitys most valuable resources and that is why all ancient civilizations grew along rivers be it the Indus or the Nile. It has come under increased demand due to rapid population and economic growth and may become a constant source of conflicts both within the countries as well as between countries. South Asia is an apt case study of water both as a source of cooperation and as well as conflict. The concern for water is more pressing in the South Asian mainland consisting of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Afghanistan and Nepal. The China factor and impact of its water policies has added another dimension to the problem. Water scarcity is a serious and growing problem throughout the world, and the twin pressures of Population Growth and Climate Change will only intensify this problem. The United Nations estimates that the number of people living in water-stressed countries will increase from about 700 million today to more than 3 billion by 2035  [3]  . The developing world alone will be home to 90 % of the 3 billion people expected to be added to the global population by 2025. It is estimated that by 2025, over half of the worlds inhabitants will be directly affected by water scarcity. Most of them will live in either China or India. China has access to about 7% cent of the worlds water resources, but is home to around 20% of the global population, while India possesses around 4% of water resources with only a slightly smaller populace  [4]  . Both countries, along with eight other Asian nations and 47% of the worlds people, are heavily dependent on the Tibetan Plateau for water. Any water policies for the region therefore will have a transnational impact. Measured by conventional indicators, water stress, which occurs when the demand for water exceeds the available amount during a certain period or when poor quality restricts its use, is increasing rapidly, especially in developing countries like India and China. According to the 2006 Human Development Report  [5]  , approximately 700 million people in 43 countries live below the water-stress threshold of 1,700 cubic meters per person. By 2025, this figure will reach 3 billion, as water stress intensifies in China, India, and South Asia. Factors Determining Water Security The scale of the ever-present societal challenge of achieving and sustaining water security is determined by many factors, of which three stand out. First there is the hydrologic environment, the absolute level of water resource availability, its inter- and intra-annual variability and its spatial distribution, which is a natural legacy that a society inherits. Second, there is the socio-economic environment, the structure of the economy and the behavior of its actors, which will re ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ect natural and cultural legacies and policy choices. Third, there will be changes in the future environment, with considerable and growing evidence that climate change will be a major part. These factors will play important roles in determining the institutions and the types and scales of infrastructure needed to achieve water security. The Hydrologic Environment Relatively low rainfall variability, with rain distributed throughout the year and Perennial River  ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ows sustained by groundwater base  ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ows, results in hydrology that is relatively easy to manage. Achieving a basic level of water security is straightforward and requires comparatively low levels of skill and investment (primarily because water is suf ¬Ã‚ cient, widespread and relatively reliable). Dif ¬Ã‚ cult hydrologies are those of absolute water scarcity (i.e. deserts) and, at the other extreme, low-lying lands where there is severe  ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ood risk. Even more dif ¬Ã‚ cult is where rainfall is markedly seasonal or where there is high inter-annual climate variability. With increasingly dif ¬Ã‚ cult hydrology, the level of institutional re ¬Ã‚ nement and infrastructure investment needed to achieve basic water security becomes signi ¬Ã‚ cantly greater. Not coincidentally, most of the worlds poor face dif ¬Ã‚ cult hydrologies. A legacy of trans-boundary waters, hydrologic and political or a trans-boundary hydrologic legacy can signi ¬Ã‚ cantly complicate the task of managing and developing water to achieve water security owing to inter-jurisdictional competition both within and between nations. While this is clearly apparent in federal nations with some state sovereignty over water, it is particularly acute in the case of international trans-boundary waters. Re ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ecting this complexity, the UN Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses was under preparation for twenty seven years prior to adoption by the UN General Assembly in 1997 and has not been entered into force. Many of todays trans-boundary basins are the result of 20th Century colonial borders that cut across watersheds and created international rivers, particularly in South Asia. The Socio-Economic Environment Water Infrastructure and Institutions. Investments in water infrastructure and institutions are almost always needed to achieve water security. Countries with dif ¬Ã‚ cult hydrology will invariably need more infrastructure and stronger institutions, with the development of each of these being greatly complicated where waters are trans-boundary. In almost all societies, man-made assets have also been developed, from simple small-scale check dams, weirs and bunds that became the foundation of early cultures, to, at the other end of the scale, investment in bulk water management infrastructure typically developed by industrializing countries, such as multipurpose dams for river regulation and storage and inter-basin transfer schemes. Macroeconomic Structure and Resilience. The structure of economies plays an important role, with more vulnerable economies requiring more investment to achieve water security. Historical investments in water management institutions and infrastructure, the economys reliance on water resources for income generation and employment and its vulnerability to water shocks will all be relevant. Risk and the Behaviour of Economic Areas. In the poorest countries, where survival is a real concern for large parts of the population and there are few functional social safety nets, economic actors tend to be extremely risk averse, investing only after there is signi ¬Ã‚ cant demonstration of returns. Countries with dif ¬Ã‚ cult hydrology, such as India and Pakistan may well face the highest risks; yet have the most risk-averse populations, the lowest infrastructure investment and the weakest institutions. Climate Change Climate change is making water security harder to achieve and sustain. Global climate change is likely to increase the complexity and costs of ensuring water security. Overall, climate change is expected to lead to reduced water availability in the countries that are already water scarce and an increase in the variability with which the water is delivered. This combination of hydrological variability and extremes is at the heart of the challenge of achieving basic water security. The water security challenge will therefore be compounded by climate change and it will require signi ¬Ã‚ cant adaptation by all countries. This will particularly be the case in poor countries which lack the institutions and infrastructure to manage, store and deliver their water resources and where climate change will be superimposed on existing and in some cases extreme vulnerabilities. According to various scientific reports, by 2050 Himalayan glaciers will have receded by 27.2%. Slow depletion of these glaciers would greatly reduce the river water flow especially to India, intensifying existing problems of water scarcity and competition. Similar changes will affect the 11 Asian countries to which Himalayan waters flow  [6]  . A 2009 Purdue University study, predicts an eastern shift in monsoon circulation caused by the changing climate, which today causes more rainfall over the Indian Ocean, Bangladesh and Burma and less rainfall over India, Nepal and Pakistan. This shift raises serious concerns for the countries expecting decreased rainfall. Summer monsoon rainfall provides 90% of India`s total water supply and as the effects of climate change become more pronounced, agrarian populations in India and Pakistan dependent on monsoons and glacial melt for irrigation will be profoundly affected. International Conventions on Water Sharing Water knows no boundaries and flows in keeping with the lay of the ground, requiring Riparian International Water Laws to govern the non navigational use. The 1815 Law for the Navigational Use of International Waters secured the vital sea lines of communication between the western countries and the colonial powers. Ironically, no such laws were created for management of the river courses. United Nations General Assembly Convention. In 1966, the International Law Association adopted the Helsinki Rules, which provide a set of guidelines for reasonable and equitable sharing of common waterways. In 1970, the United Nations General Assembly commissioned is own legal advisory body, the International Law Commission (ILC), to study Codification of the Law on Water Courses for Purposes other than Navigation. The first formal attempt to manage the riparian waters was the 1997 Draft United Nations Convention, which is yet to be ratified by the requisite number of countries. The convention has been criticized as it is practically impossible to have one convention that would incorporate all possible scenarios, as also a specific convention would be unacceptable to all members of the UN as needs and demands defer from region to region and country to country. Generalized Principles of Trans-boundary Water Allocation Water has become a significant source of conflict and has led to differing perceptions between various states such as the Arabs and Israelis, Americans and Mexicans, and among all ten Nile basin co-riparians. The generalized principles to mitigate problems of water allocation include Absolute Sovereignty, Absolute Riverine Integrity, Limited Territorial Sovereignty and Economic Criteria  [7]  . These can be summarized as under:- Absolute sovereignty is based on hydrography and implies unilateral control over waters within a nations territory while the doctrine of absolute riverine integrity emphasizes the importance of historical usage, or chronology, and suggests that every riparian has a right to the waters that flow through its territory. Limited territorial sovereignty reflects the right to reasonable and equitable use of international waters while inflicting no significant harm on any other co-riparian while the principle of economic criteria uses the market to allocate water among competing users in an economically efficient manner. Approaches to Water Security In trying to understand the various actors and their approaches on the issue of water, it is important to recognise at the outset that there are plurality of actors in the water sector-the state which includes governments, bureaucracy and the state machinery, who can also be termed the managers and the market; civil society organisations and groups; water communities or water users; and knowledge institutions. Each group is characterised with its own strategies and approaches, and within each group there are differences and variations. Technology Solutions. As the demand for this scarce resource increases daily, it has become an urgent necessity that water should be conserved and wastage of this scarce resource should be minimized. Some of the important techniques such as rainwater harvesting, recycling, infrared or foot operated faucets, drip irrigation method etc economise the usage of water but there is a requirement to evolve technology solutions to this crisis. Drainage Basin Approach to Water Security. Drainage basins are an essential, if not the only factor in reducing water stress. They have also been historically important for determining territorial boundaries, particularly in regions where trade by water has been important. It is therefore natural to manage water resources on the basis of individual basins because the drainage basins are coherent entities in a hydrological sense.

Anti-semitism :: essays research papers

Antisemitism â€Å"If the Anti-Semites want to hate, let them hate, and let them all go to hell† -David Ben-Gurion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anti-Semitism in the Encarta dictionary is defined has a behavior discriminating against Jewish people that harm or discriminate against Jewish people. This definition does not even scrap the surface of what the word Anti-Semitism means to you if you are Jewish.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anti-Semitism’s major part was to give Jews a bad reputation of being subhuman and threatening the purity of the German master race. The Nazis also propagated false claims such as the supposed role of Jews in the â€Å"stab in the back,† betrayal of Germany’s Army that led the Versailles Treaty with its loss territory and large reparation payments.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the postwar years, Germans suffered runaway inflation and massive unemployment. The National Socialist Workers (Nazi) Party was just one of the many racist groups that sprang up. Hitler soon became most effective anti-Jewish leader. His anti-Semitic blueprint was set out in the book Mein Kampf, and after he assumed power in the 1930's it became official policy. Although opposed to Christianity, Hitler used it in his antisemitic message. He wrote: â€Å"If... the Jew is victorious over the peoples of the world, his crown will be the funeral wreath of humanity and this planet will, as it did thousands of years ago, move through the ether devoid of men. Hence today I believe that I am acting in accordance with the will of the creator: By defining myself against the Jew, I am fighting for the work of the Lord.†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With writings like this and speeches with mass crowds Hitler gave, it is no wonder the majority of Europeans accepted Hitler’s views. If he did not brainwash his followers, he scared them to death to go against him. Hitler would have his soldiers come into your home and demolish it if they thought you were against them or were hiding Jewish families.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The result of Europeans acceptance (or better called brainwash) to the brutality of the Jews caused the mass murders of millions of innocent Jews. The were not only were Jews murdered but they were tortured, beaten, and humiliated before death. We all know the stories of the Jews and it will and can never be forgotten.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I believe similar attitudes exist in our society today. (Read Letter attached). It is a follower of Hitler today expressing is hatred towards Jews.

Animal Farm Analysis Essay Essay

The Tragedy Of Oppression â€Å"Among those who dislike oppression are many who like to oppress†. These are the words that rolled off the French General Napoleon Bonaparte’s tongue. This relates to Animal Farm because all of the farm animals do not like oppression but they have a bunch of oppressors among them. The pigs control the farm animals in every way possible and frankly they are sick and tired of it. Animal Farm by George Orwell shows that oppression is at the heart of so much sorrow in life, and that the abuse of power is at the heart of oppression. Napoleons violence and Squealers mind-control are the two forms of power and abuse that keep the poor animals oppressed. Napoleon was violent in many ways. First of all, he used his power to raise an army of dogs to become mean and violent just like him. Napoleon had the dogs under his wing; they would do whatever he told them to do. For example, Napoleon was trying to get the animals to admit to working with snowball. When and if they did admit to this he would command the dogs to kill them. This is one of many examples of how Napoleon uses his power to abuse the farm animals. Napoleon hated Snowball; they disagreed on everything so he definitely didn’t want any of his farm animals working with his enemy. That’s not all Napoleon had the dogs, or in other words his â€Å"slaves† do. Another example of violence is when Napoleon commanded the dogs to chase Snowball off of the farm. He didn’t like the idea of sharing the power with Snowball; he wanted the power all to himself! He tried to control everyone through violence and fear. As a result of this power struggle he abused not only the farm animals but also the dogs by trying to control them. Napoleon verbally, mentally and physically abused everyone in his path. Squealer is also guilty of abusing his power. Squealer’s choice of abuse is mind control. He is capable of making a bad situation seem as if it were meant to be. Like the time when the farm animals got suspicious when the pigs started sleeping in beds. Everyone on the farm knows that sleeping in bed goes against the commandment that states, â€Å"No animal shall sleep in a bed† When the animals built up the courage to ask the pigs what was going on, the pigs simply stated â€Å"A bed merely means a place to sleep in. The rule was against sheets, which are a human invention. We have removed the sheets from the farmhouse beds, and sleep between blankets. You would not have us too tired to carry out our duties? Surely none of you wishes to see Jones back?†(Orwell67). This is an  example of slippery slope because in other words Squealer is telling the animals that if the pigs aren’t allowed to sleep in beds then they will not be able to do there duties because they will not get a good night sleep and if they cant do their duties then eventually Jones will come back. Squealer does things like this all of the time. He is know n for verbally abusing the farm animals by controlling their minds. This all leads up to one thing, oppression. Oppression is caused by the abuse of power. Napoleon wanted to be in control of everything and everyone because he was a very selfish and controlling pig. His need to be this way caused severe oppression on the farm. The farm animals were all unhappy and felt like there was no way out. Anytime they confronted the pigs, they were always given some excuse or reason why things were not the way they were supposed to be. Boxer was the hardest worker on the farm, yet he got treated the most unfair. He might not have been the most intelligent of the animals but he sure was strong and worked more than any of the others. One day, Boxer collapsed while pulling stone for the windmill. The pigs said that he would be taken to a hospital. When a cart arrived to pick Boxer up the farm animals got suspicious because the cart was sent from the slaughterhouse. Squealer quickly denounced the rumor saying that the hospital had bought the cart from the slaughterhouse and never painted over the writing. The animals were relieved after hearing the â€Å"good news† until squealer announced that Boxer had died in the hospital. â€Å"I will work harder† and â€Å"Napoleon is always right†(Orwell 39). were Boxers two slogans. Boxer thought of Napoleon as a role model and all Napoleon thought of Boxer as, was one of his many workers. Boxer loved Napoleon. It is very sad that he was never appreciated or loved in return by Napoleon. At least Boxer will always be in the hearts of the farm animals because he was truly loved by them. This was a great and unnecessary loss, which caused much sorrow to the farm animals. This clearly shows that oppression can cause great sorrow. The abuse of power is the cause of great sorrow for many people all around the world. The Novella Animal Farm by George Orwell proves this in the life of the farm animals. Napoleon caused a lot of unhappiness and sorrow to the farm animals, which lead to great oppression on the farm. In order to keep h is power, Napoleon used violence to get his way. He used Squealer to play mind games on the animals to keep his power and to trick them into believing his lies. Oppression is a disheartening reality that affected the farm animals and continues to affect the lives of many people today.

Automobile and Car Essay

1. Jono Schneider – for plaintiff. 2. Jatinder S. Ubhoo – defendant 3. Sabatina N. Vassalli – for defendant 4. START TIME: 10:32 AM 1. good morning 2.morning 1. do you recall sorry whats your name.. 2. 1. 2.yes 1. do you remember approximately what tiem the.. 2.no I don’t remember that †¦ 1. 2. it was snowing 1. was there snow on the ground 2. yes 1. did the snow on the ground†¦ 2. not sure what youre trying to say†¦ 1.and did it 2. 1. 2.yes 1. and were you alone in the car 2. yes 1. and where was your.. 2. I was going to meet a friend 1. 2. social. 1:31 1.and what was your friends name 2. do I have to disclose that 3. yes 1. your lawyer is here†¦. 2. 1. 2. I do not talk to him that much anymore†¦ 3. we are going to have to provide it off / on – 10:35 am 1.alright and I appreciate that†¦ 3. that’s fine 1. And where did ikbal like were you going.. 2. I was going to meet him .. 1. okay. And that was just to hang out 2. ya just to hang out because for me it was a borigng day I just wanted to go see my friend and that’s what I was going to go do. 1.and the collision happened†¦ 2. what is the day again†¦ 3. tuesday 1. 2. 1. what im asking is if you have a very specific recollection that day†¦ 2. I don’t remember. 1. and so you left your house, how long did it take.. 2. my house is on mcveen and castlemore 1. 2. ya its very close 1.probably less than.. 2. ya 1. and in those 5 mins you were†¦ 2.yes 1. and this is a car that.. 2. yes 1. are you aware of †¦ 5:15 2. no 1. so there was nothing wrong with the breaks 2. no 1.nothing wrong with the tires 2. no 1. so in terms of the .. 2.no. 1. what type of the car 2. it was a 2006 acura tl 1. so you’re driving along had you been on.. 2. yep 1. and 2. 1. 2. it was a red light from far and by the time I was approaching it.. 1. and were there any cars on †¦ 2.there were cars†¦. 1. 2. go straight. 1. and as youre approaching goreway and youre saying tht there were.. 2. yes 1. 2. no my lane was empty I would have been the .. 1.and there wasn’t rush hour traffic at this time 2. no 1. 2.yes 1. and those cars are stopped at the †¦ 2. yes 1. and your lane is not.. 2. theres another.. no it also turns right and for people.. 1. so you have the option. 2. yep 1.and as your approaching †¦ 2. yes 1. how far away from the intersection.. 2.i would say 75 yards 1. and the speed limit on that street 2. I think its 70 1. and this .. 2. no cause it was snowing 8:01 1. k you’re driving the†¦ 2. yes 1.and youre about †¦ 2. I was driving slower than the speed limit because it was snowing.. 1. I 2.i would say†¦ 1. 2. because ive seen the red lights†¦ ive already taken off my .. 1. is it an automatic car or.. 2. automatic 1. 2. yeah 1. 2. when I saw the I would say prior to the I don’t know the distance properly but .. 1. 2.straight ahead 1. so at what point did you actually†¦ 2. I started slowing down I would say beyond the †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1. okay 2. then I hit the gas again 1. and as youre seeing the red light ahead of you are there any cars making †¦. 2. 1. 2. 1. the cars that are †¦. 2.no 1. and as your travelling but I think I asked you this before youre in the †¦. 3. he already answered that he said he didn’t know.. 1. 2. yah 1. have you ever travelled.. 2. yes 1.do they have an advanced green.. 2. I wouldn’t know that but I don’t remember that because I never turn left on †¦ 1. 2.i moved there on November 1st 2007 1. so at the time of the collision you’ve lived there for.. 2. yes 1. as youre approaching the .. 2. yes 1. and do they .. 2. no 1.how come 2. because they see this car coming and they had to rush to break 1. so the other.. 2.stop right away in the†¦ 1. and their .. 2. yep 1. now was there more than one car that.. 2. yes two cars right behisde†¦ 1. 2. ya 1.and those cars were they .. 2. obviously they would stop†¦ 1. 2.ya ya I saw that 1. 2. I started breaking I started breaking hard I said theres something going on here and at the end †¦. 14:06 1. okay. And the back of your car did it.. 2. no 1. and did your abs breaks†¦ 2. yes 1.and was your car†¦ 2. no 1. and what part of the other persons car.. 2.that I don’t remember anymore 1. did u get out of the car and see the .. 2. ya 1. where was the †¦ 2. I think its im not suer as far as I can remember†¦ 1. and im presuming†¦ 2. ya 1.and 2. 3.ya to be fair to him im not sure he knows 1. 3.ya I duno.. 1. I don’t need him to†¦.. 2.no 1. did you take any pictures.. 2. I took a picture of my car 1. 2. no 1. do you still have a copy .. 2. no 1. 2. I just took it for my purposes just in case 1. what did the picture show 2.it just shows my cars .. 1. 2. the bumper has fallen off the lights have been smashed 1. 2. im not sure anymore 1. 2. im not sure. 1.okay. 2. were bent 1. alright. And this person that was turning left†¦ 2.what do u mean 1. did u notice if the left had turning car had come into.. 2. no 1. and those cars that were stopped and started to go into the intersection did they.. 2. no 3. well I duno what do u want me to say†¦ 2. well because the car †¦ 1.you said there was two.. 2. yep 1. 2.they both left.. 1. what about the other two.. 2. im not sure. 1. so they didn’t.. 2. no there was bad weather snowy who would want to stick around and.. 1. and did u call the police or †¦ 2. I assumed the police was †¦ 18:49 1. 2. yep 1. and did you ask her if she†¦ 2.never got a chance 1. and when you spoke to the .. 2. she just started yelling at me what are you doing 1. 2. what do u mean what am I doing trying to make a left when u don’t have the left signal anymore 1. so your impression is†¦ 2. yes 1. 2. because obviously she wouldn’t 1. listen 2. 1. yep 2. and she was saved by being hit †¦ me on the other hand my lane was empty I was coming I saw the red light I took my foot off the pedal slowed down †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1. so even though you saw just the break lights .. at which point†¦ 2. not sure because what caught her was my car skidding trying to stop to save her.. 1. was your car already skidding by the time that.. 2. you know I saw her 1.okay when did u see her 2. I saw the cars their breaklights turn on took my foot their feet off the pedal again but as soon as I saw her again I put my foot on the break really hard†¦ 3. when was the first time you saw her .. 2. when she was in front of me 1. so you had †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2.no no no no. 1. 2. I saw her that’s when I started breaking really hard 1. where was she 2. she would be on the left in the middle of that intersection . 1. and how far away from the intersection were u 2. I don’t know 22:56 1.and how far.. 2. im not sure about that either 1. did u skid pass.. 2.not sure. 1. you know when you approach a †¦ 2. ya 1. 2. ya 1. do you remember h ow far back from that †¦. 2. I don’t remember that anymore I don’t recall that specific points anymore 1.and how fast were u going †¦ 2. not that fast no 1. well how fast did u.. 2.yes I did. 1. and whe n u started slowing down†¦. 3. I think he already answered that I think it was the second †¦ 1. okay well im trying to figure out and I apologize if I asked you this already 2. slowing down ya 1. slowing down †¦ 2. yes 1. and you pressed your .. 2. yes 1.and from that point going forward to the point that you †¦. 2. I cant answer that question because I wasn t even 1. ok 2.i wuld not speed in bad weather like that because you know you†¦.because the 26:27 1. ok. Alright. After the accident. The impact itself would u describe it as†¦ 2. medium 1. and after the †¦ 2. yes 1. 2. yes 1. 2. she had a child at the back 1. and the child was in the back seat 2.yes 1. and you told me that you †¦ 2. that’s all 1. how was the kid 2. she was alright 1. and was the lady concenred about her child 27:29 2. im not sure im not sure how to answer that.. 1.well did .. 2. she approached me first 1. and the cars are not moved from the intersection 2.ya they were still in the middle of.. 1. and by the time the police officer got there.. 2. im not sure 1. did the police officers†¦ 2. again im not sure 1. 2. they didn’t get there right aay†¦ 1.yep so can u give me an estimate†¦ 2. 1. 2. 1.so impact occurs and within .. 2. don’t know about the timing .. 1. 2. no I never went back†¦. 1. im not talking about .. 2. I don’t remember anyting like that 1.were you†¦ 2. no 1. and did u feel any pain at the.. 2.no 1. so the accident happens .. 2. yep 1. btu youre not sure†¦ 2. I never told you .. 1. sorry maybe its my mistake in terms of 2. yep 1.so the impact occurs 2. yes 1. youre telling me.. 2.yeah†¦ 1. 2. ya when the car comes to.. 1. 2. I never walked up to her I walked up to the damage to see what the †¦ 1. 2. no that’s after not right away.. 1.so youre looking at 2. 3. just tell him what you rmember 1. ive not no problems with your answers I would tell u†¦ 2.i dotn remember what I did I don’t remember what I did I could have gotten back into my car to sit down to get some heat†¦. 1. did u call anyone with your cell phone to tell them that ou had†¦ 2.no 1. and by the time that †¦ 2. no by the time the police got there I was outside by myself 1. and you hadn’t.. 2. no I spoke with the toe truck driver he was there first at the scene 1. 2. 1.who is marcy 2. she is the first lady on the goreway lights†¦ 1. 2.shes here in the goreway lane im here right 1. just for the purpose of the record 2. im looking at west and .. 3. so for reference 1. 2. thank you. 1. 2. shes a driver. 1.and she came over to you said .. 2. yep 1. and what did she say 2.she assured me that she saw the collsion whose wrong whose right she said she cant .. 34:50 1. and she gave u.. 2. yes 1. can I have that†¦ 3. 1. 3. okay so 416†¦ 1. but you managed to save marcy’s contact information 2. the reason why that is saved is the iphone backs up contacts.. 1.sure. alright. So marcy was a driveway.. 2. ya 1. what type of car did she have 2.i think she had a mazda†¦. 1. and you obviously would have given†¦. 2. 3. do you remember that or are you guessing †¦ 2. 1. well did u give the contact information 2. the answer to that is first of all the police officer never asked me if and u .. 1. and u didn’t.. 2. I was told to sit in the rental car †¦ 1.and you talked to the .. 2. from the start sit in your 1. 2. 1. ok 2. and um when everything was done however long .. 1. 2. yes sitting in the police 1. 2. ya 1.or whether†¦ 2. ya but both of them I saw them engaged with the police officer †¦. 1. okay. 2.never gave me a chance to provide my iformation or my opinion 1. so the police officer.. 2. im not sure but at that point he never†¦ 1. ok 2. if I said something to the officer that’s what I would have said but I do not recall†¦ 39:37 1. 2. I do not remember†¦ I rpoably did I probably didn’t. 1.yep. 2. and thts about it 3. 2.because even the toetruck driver was surprised at how the police was giving †¦.. 1. okay. So you felt it was unfair.. 2.yes 1. 2. but again I did not question that †¦ 1. okay. The police officer didn’t.. 2. no no no but still next thing you know.. 1. 2. so go ahead. 1.did you ever get†¦ 3. what he is saying is that 2. ya. That’s what im trying to say. Because who wants†¦ 1. because theres reprocissions.. 3.lets move on. 2.sorry. 3. that’s okay 1. 2.no 1. did u get an opportunity to †¦.. 2. no 1. did u try and talk to her at all†¦ 2. 1.okay. did u ask the officer†¦ 2. ya 1. 2.i do not recall 1. 2. no one is wrong no one is write 1. 2. 1. 2. he said youre saying this youre saying .. 1.did u ask the officer .. 2. I didn’t ask him but he said it on his own but they †¦ 1. was there any ice on the ground 2.there was snow 1. are we talking about 2. there†¦ 1. im talking about on the actual road on the banks 2. I don’t recally that but it was slushy. 1. slushy.okay. couldn’t have used a†¦ 2. no 1. any sort of †¦ 2. no 1. counsel r u aware of any other†¦ 3. no 1.ive noticed in your.. 3. there isnt 1. any ivestigiation 3. I don’t believe so. If there was anything in.. 1. k perfect. 2.no 1. did she ever call u 2. no 1. did u give her.. 2. yes 1.but she didn’t call u 2. no 1. was she alone 2.ya 1. 3. yes 1. 3. 1.can I get a†¦ 3.yes. 1. well ill take a look at †¦ 3. 1. that was going to be my next.. 3. ya abosolutely. 1. can you make best efforts to get the picture on your cell phone 3. 1. 2. no 1. 2.yes that’s it, phone number 1. okay subject to any questions arising from udner†¦ off – 11:25 am

The Legal Drinking Age in Canada

The Legal Drinking Age in Canada The legal drinking age in Canada is the minimum age at which a person is allowed to buy and drink alcohol, and right now it is 18 for Alberta, Manitoba, and Quà ©bec and 19 for the rest of the country. In Canada, each province and territory  determines its own legal drinking age. Legal  Drinking Age in Canadas Provinces and Territories   Alberta: 18British Columbia: 19Manitoba: 18New Brunswick: 19Newfoundland and Labrador: 19Northwest Territories: 19Nova Scotia: 19Nunavut: 19Ontario: 19Prince Edward Island: 19Quà ©bec: 18  Saskatchewan: 19Yukon Territory: 19 Growing Concern About Alcohol Overconsumption A growing problem of rising and overconsumption of alcohol, particularly among young adults just at the legal drinking age, has raised alarms in Canada.   Since 2000 and  the release of the Canada Low-Risk Alcohol Drinking Guidelines in 2011, the first such national guidelines, many Canadians have been on a mission to reduce alcohol consumption across the board. Much research has been done on how harmful even moderate alcohol consumption can be and the  serious long-term effects on  young adults ages 18/19–24, when risky alcohol consumption peaks.   The Effect of Canadian Drinking-Age Laws A 2014 study by a scientist with the University of Northern British Columbia (UNBC) Faculty of Medicine concludes that Canada’s drinking-age laws have a significant impact on youth mortality. Writing in the international journal Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Dr. Russell Callaghan, a UNBC  Associate Professor of Psychiatry, argues that, when compared to Canadian males slightly younger than the minimum legal drinking age, young men who are just older than the drinking age have significant and abrupt increases in mortality, especially from injuries and motor vehicle accidents. â€Å"This evidence demonstrates that drinking-age legislation has a significant effect on reducing mortality among youth, especially young males,† says Dr. Callaghan. The minimum legal drinking age is 18 years of age in Alberta, Manitoba, and Quà ©bec, and 19 in the rest of the country. Using national Canadian death data from 1980 to 2009, researchers examined the causes of deaths of individuals who died between 16 and 22 years of age. They found that immediately following the minimum legal drinking age, male deaths due to injuries rose sharply by ten to 16 percent, and male deaths due to motor vehicle accidents increased suddenly by 13 to 15 percent. Increases in mortality also appeared immediately following the legislated drinking age for 18-year-old females, but these jumps were relatively small. According to the research, increasing the drinking age to 19 in Alberta, Manitoba, and Quà ©bec would prevent seven deaths of 18-year-old men each year. Raising the drinking age to 21 across the country would prevent 32 annual deaths of male youth 18 to 20 years old. â€Å"Many provinces, including British Columbia, are undertaking alcohol-policy reforms,† Dr. Callaghan said. â€Å"Our research shows that there are substantial social harms associated with youth drinking. These adverse consequences need to be carefully considered when we develop new provincial alcohol policies. I hope these results will help inform the public and policymakers in Canada about the serious costs associated with hazardous drinking among young people.† High Canadian  Alcohol Prices Tempt Importers There has been a movement to encourage lower consumption by  increasing or maintaining the overall price  of alcohol through interventions, such as excise taxes and indexing prices to inflation. Such pricing, according to the Canadian Center on Substance Abuse, would encourage production and consumption of lower-strength alcoholic beverages. Establishing minimum prices, the CCSA said, could remove inexpensive sources of alcohol often favored by young adults and other high-risk drinkers. Higher prices are seen as a disincentive to youth drinking, but lower-priced alcohol is readily available across the border in the United States. Both  visitors and Canadians are tempted to bring in large quantities of alcoholic beverages bought in the United States, which can be about half the price of such drinks in Canada.   How Much Duty-Free Alcohol Can Visitors Bring?​ If you are a Canadian or a visitor to Canada, you are allowed to bring a small quantity of alcohol (wine, liquor, beer, or coolers) into the country without having to pay duty or taxes as long as: the alcohol accompanies you.you meet the minimum  legal drinking age  for the province or territory at which you enter Canada.   Canadians and visitors  may bring in  only  one of the following.  If larger quantities are imported, the entire amount will assess duties, not just the amount exceeding these duty-free quantities: 1.5 liters (50.7 U.S. fluid ounces) of wine, including wine coolers over 0.5 percent alcohol. This is equivalent to (up to) 53 fluid ounces or two 750 ml bottles of wine.  1.14 liters (38.5 US fluid ounces) of liquor. This is equivalent to  (up to)  40 fluid ounces  or one large standard bottle of liquor.  Up to 8.5 liters of beer or ale, including beer coolers with more than 0.5 percent alcohol. This is equivalent to 287.4 US fluid ounces or about 24 cans or bottles (355 ml or 12.004 US fluid ounces each). For Canadians  returning after a stay in the U.S., the amount of personal exemption is dependent on how long an individual was out of the country. The highest exemptions accrue after stays of more than 48 hours. If Canadians have been on a day trip to the United States,  all the alcohol brought back to Canada will be subject to the usual duties and taxes.  In 2012, Canada changed exemption limits to more closely match those of the U.S. Source Callaghan, Russell. Canadian Drinking-Age Laws Have Significant Effect on Deaths Among Young Males. Matt Wood, Newsroom, University of Northern British Columbia, March 18, 2014, BC Canada. Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction. Youth Alcohol Use and Its Harms: Case Study in the Community of Sherbrooke (Report). Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction, 2018, ON Canada.

Critical Infrastructure Vulnerability and Protection Case Study

Critical Infrastructure Vulnerability and Protection - Case Study Example It also needs rail and road transport as well as pipeline to supply it with the fuel for generators, water for emotions control and cooling, finance and banking for purchases of fuel, and telecommunications for system status monitoring and e-commerce. Mat times of component failure or emergencies, other critical dependencies on the same infrastructure will be used by the electricity infrastructure, yet within the same infrastructure. A good example is petroleum fuel for the emergency generators and transportation of repair materials. In this example, the supported infrastructure is electricity which is supported by water, telecommunications, transport, and the other infrastructures (Ronaldi, Peeremboom, & Kelly, 2001). Interdependency is bidirectional relationship existing between two infrastructures whereby is correlated or influences the other one’s state. These increase complexity of the system or systems dramatically. They are characterized by infrastructural multiple connections, feed forward and feedback paths as well as intricate, branching topologies. An intricate web is created by the connections, which depending on its linkages characteristics could transmit shocks across the broad swaths of the economy as well as through multiple infrastructures (Ronaldi, Peeremboom, & Kelly, 2001). Infrastructure interconnection causes vulnerability to failure. For instance, a cascading failure will occur when a certain disrupted infrastructure will cause a component of the other infrastructure to fail creating disruption on the infrastructure. An escalating failure will occur when a disruption that is existing disruption in the first infrastructure will intensify an independent commotion in the other infrastructure, normally worsening the situation in terms of recovery time or restoration time of the second failure. A common cause failure will occur when several networks of infrastructure are at the same time disrupted: there is failure in components in each

Retaining key employees in times of change Coursework

Retaining key employees in times of change - Coursework Example During such instances, the organization must assess suitable strategies to retain the employees. According to the article, the retention process rarely works if the company uses money only to persuade the employees. Since the retention process is mostly directed towards the high risk employees or the employees that could lead to major impact if they depart, other measures must be undertaken to ensure that the continued working of the organization is guaranteed in spite of the changes. Some changes pose challenges that money alone cannot address. Prior to the transition, the line managers must work together in determining the employees whose retention is critical. Some of the factors considered in determining critical employees in retention include those who exhibit exceptional institutional knowledge, technical expertise, and direct relationships with the management. Specifically, individuals involved in departments such as IT, finance, as well as the administrative sector have uniqu e knowledge concerning organizational systems therefore qualify to be in the retention list. These individuals are usually difficult to replace. Once the list of critical employees is created, the management then prioritizes them according to available retention strategies. This is important since not all individuals would be persuaded using certain incentives such as money. This implies that specific employees have unique requirements and money may not fulfill them.